No, the links from the twitter profile pages have been nofollow for quite sometime now (Matt Cutts noticed them and sent Twitter a note)
Back to the OP -
Generally, no, but in practice, if you are really lucky - maybe.
But only in the sense of increasing profile ends up bringing you more backlinks, not because the feed itself helps.
And I haven't worked out the details of how it would happen.
(So at this point its an Underpants Gnome thing - Step 1. Add feed to site Step 2.... Umm... Step 3. Better rankings!)
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